A deep learning-aided multi-objective optimization of a downstream process for production of monoclonal antibody products

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as the dominant class of therapeutic moieties due to their superior therapeutic potential and safety profile. Downstream processing plays a pivotal role in ensuring the purity, yield, and quality of these therapeutic products. The biopharmaceutical industry generates a significant amount data, making it an attractive target for creating machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) applications. This paper reports a DL-based 2D-convolutional neural network (2D-CNN) to predict: (i) Protein A mAb elute concentration, (ii) Cation exchange (CEX) mAb elute concentration, (iii) % Acidic variant, (iv) Aggregate (%), and (v) % Basic variant from process data that is routinely collected during biopharma manufacturing, including Protein A elution UV, CEX elution UV, CEX elution conductivity, and post viral inactivation pH profiles. Further, interpretation of predicted outputs using the SHAPLEY technique and optimization through multi-objective Bayesian optimization methods have been attempted so as to match the biosimilar to the reference molecule with respect to the critical quality attributes. It is observed that the proposed model outperforms other published approaches in prediction. The optimum results were experimentally validated by performing three consecutive runs, and a mean percentage deviation of less than 3 % was reported. The proposed approach demonstrates the feasibility of real-time prediction and optimization in biopharmaceutical product manufacturing using CNN aided modeling and multi-objective weighted sum optimization.