EMHD flow and heat transport in cross ternary nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms: A case study on thermophoretic particle deposition

The study of ternary nanofluids has gained significant interest in engineering and biomedical applications due to their enhanced thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties. This research specifically focuses on electromagnetic hydrodynamic (EMHD) flow and heat transport in cross-flow ternary nanofluids containing gyrotactic microorganisms, where thermophoretic particle deposition plays a key role. Efficient thermal management and targeted particle deposition are crucial in advanced applications, including solar collectors and biomedical devices. This research presents a comprehensive investigation into the Marangoni convective flow of kerosene oil containing ternary nanoparticles Gra, MgO, and SiO2 over a sheet with significant impact of thermal conductivity varies linearly with temperature. Also, the work utilized the Cross model to capture the shear-thinning features of TNFs, describing their non-Newtonian performance. System of PDEs are achieved and reduced to ODEs using appropriate variables. The spectral collocation method based on Appell-Changhee polynomials was utilized to solve ODEs. The results show that the thermal distribution improves for growing values of exponential heat source and thermal radiation parameter. An increase in the nanoparticle volume fraction parameter reduces the velocity distribution, while the temperature distribution displays an opposite effect. These findings support applications in bioengineering and medical technologies, where precise control of flow and thermal properties is essential.