Impact of capital and labour based technological progress on carbon productivity

In 2020, China pledged at the United Nations General Assembly to achieve carbon peaking by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060, and so far, China has made remarkable achievements in actively realizing carbon emission reduction and maintaining the international ecological environment. Among them, the role played by the technological progress bias of different elements is worth paying attention to. In addition, according to the current situation of energy consumption in China, based on the capital-labor technological progress bias, considering the introduction of the direction of technological progress of the energy factor plays a key role in analyzing the carbon productivity of China. This study utilizes panel regression to explore the paths and effects of capital-labor and factor-augmenting technological progress biases on carbon productivity. We also closely examine the regional heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects of technological progress biases. This study is based on inter-provincial panel information from China from 2006 to 2020. The study found that: (1) When the technological progress bias favors the capital factor among capital and labor, it will significantly increase the level of carbon productivity; The introduction of energy factor innovations,energy-enhanced technological progress, base on the technological progress bias of capital and labor will significantly reduce the level of carbon productivity. (2) Through the threshold model analysis, it is found that there is a nonlinear effect of technological progress bias on carbon productivity. Among them, in capital-biased and energy-enhanced provinces, the impact of capital-technology progress bias on carbon productivity shows an inverted "U" trend of first increasing and then decreasing. (3) In capital-labor technological progress, when technological progress is biased toward capital, it will significantly increase carbon productivity in the Northeast, East and West regions, while the opposite is true in the Central region, and the spillover effect of capital-labor technological progress is not significant; energy-enhanced technological progress bias has a negative impact on carbon productivity in all four major regions, and there is a significant spillover effect in all four major regions.