Trace analysis of taste and odour compounds in drinking water by stir bar sorptive extraction followed by thermal desorption - gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (SBSE-TD-GC-MS)

被引：2
作者：
Mol, Zoë [1 ,2 ]
Walgraeve, Christophe [1 ,2 ]
De Pril, Rik [1 ]
Van Langenhove, Herman [1 ]
Demeestere, Kristof [1 ,2 ]
机构：
[1] Research Group Environmental Organic Chemistry and Technology (EnVOC), Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent
[2] Center for Advanced Process Technology for Urban Resource Recovery (CAPTURE), Frieda Saeysstraat 1, Ghent
来源：
Science of the Total Environment | 2024年 / 955卷
关键词：
Gas chromatography; Mass spectrometry; Stir bar sorptive extraction; Tap water; Taste and odour;
D O I：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.176878
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Because of negative tap water quality perception, people often prefer bottled water over tap water despite the higher energy consumption and production of plastic waste. Taste and odour (T&O) deviations in tap water are an important aspect of this issue and should be avoided. However, T&O compounds typically occur at low concentrations (≤ ng.L−1) and are numerous, originating from various sources, ranging from source water to kitchen taps. Consequently, unravelling T&O events is challenging and causing compounds may remain unknown. Therefore, a multi-compound method (SBSE-TD-GC–MS) was developed, optimised and validated for the simultaneous trace analysis of 45 T&O compounds in drinking water. It covers key compounds of different odour categories with a wide range of physical-chemical properties and originating from the different steps of production and distribution. The intra- and interday precision of the method was shown by relative standard deviations (RSD) lower than 15 % and 23 %, respectively, for 75 % of the measured concentrations. For most of the compounds (>75 %), the detection capability (CCβ) was below 1/3rd of their lowest reported odour threshold concentration (OTC), while for the other 6 compounds, the CCβ was within the reported OTC range. Additionally, the CCβs were comparable to or lower than those in literature. As a proof of concept, the method was used to investigate the occurrence and concentrations of T&O compounds before (surface water) and after drinking water production. The results show a clear removal of compounds related to microbial activity (e.g. geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol, 2,4,6-tribromoanisole) after treatment and an increase of compounds related to disinfection. Although rarely investigated, 3-methylbutanal showed concentrations similar to its OTC in treated drinking water, emphasizing the necessity of a broad ultra-trace analysis to ultimately prevent the occurrence of T&O compounds and guarantee tap water quality. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
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