Investigating postural control as a predictor of low back and pelvic girdle pain during and after pregnancy

Background: Falls are common during pregnancy, posing risks to maternal and fetal health. Pregnant individuals also commonly experience low back and/or pelvic girdle pain. Other populations with pain, such as older adults with back pain demonstrate increased fall risk. This study assessed the relationship between standing balance control characteristics during single leg stance and low back/pelvic girdle pain scores during and after pregnancy with eyes open and closed. We hypothesized that standing balance control characteristics of smaller sway and sway velocity would be related to greater low back/pelvic girdle pain during the third trimester. Methods: During the second trimester, third trimester, and postpartum nineteen individuals performed single leg stance on a force platform with eyes open and closed and completed the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. Stepwise multiple linear regressions were used to investigate the variance of Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale scores that could be explained by postural control variables for each time point and condition. Findings: During the third trimester, decreased total sway and anterior/posterior sway range with eyes closed were significantly associated with higher low back/pelvic girdle pain disability scores (P = 0.005, R2 = 0.480). No significant relationships were found during the second trimester or postpartum nor for eyes open conditions. Interpretation: This study suggests a potential association between low back/pelvic girdle pain and postural control during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals with lumbopelvic pain may demonstrate postural stability deficits, particularly without visual input. Balance assessments and interventions should be considered during routine care for pregnant individuals, especially for those with pain.