Improved thermal insulation, mechanical properties, energy absorption and flame retardancy of bio-based rigid polyurethane foam modified with calcium hydroxystannate

Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is an important energy-saving building material that has attracted much attention. However, it is still a great challenge to effectively prepare RPUF materials with thermal insulation, flame retardant and mechanical properties. In this paper, the non-toxic and halogen-free flame retardant calcium hydroxystannate (CSH) was prepared by a simple and green chemical co-precipitation method, and a low-carbon and environmentally friendly RPUF material was prepared by combining it with RPUF-SO2/Ni3 (10 % wt soybean oil-based polyol and 3 % wt nickel phytate). It was found that SO2/Ni3/CSH4 containing 4 wt% CSH exhibited excellent thermal insulation performance. TG analysis showed that SO2/Ni3/CSH4 had higher initial temperature and activation energy, and its thermal stability was significantly improved. Peak heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), peak smoke production rate (PSPR), total smoke release (TSR) and Ds were 26.30 %, 17.16 %, 26.67 %, 23.95 % and 11.38 % lower than those of RPUF- SO2/Ni3, respectively. In addition, the compressive strength of SO2/Ni3/CSH4 was increased by 31.10 %, and it also had excellent energy absorption properties. This study provides new ideas for the design of high-performance and multifunctional lowcarbon RPUFs, which have potential applications in aerospace and construction.