Source apportionment of ultrafine particles in urban Europe

被引：7

作者：

Garcia-Marles, Meritxell ^{[1
,2
]}

Lara, Rosa ^{[1
]}

Reche, Cristina ^{[1
]}

Perez, Noemi ^{[1
]}

Tobias, Aurelio ^{[1
]}

Savadkoohi, Marjan ^{[1
,3
]}

Beddows, David ^{[4
]}

Salma, Imre ^{[5
]}

Vorosmarty, Mate ^{[6
]}

Weidinger, Tamas ^{[7
]}

Hueglin, Christoph ^{[8
]}

Mihalopoulos, Nikos ^{[9
,10
]}

Grivas, Georgios ^{[10
]}

Kalkavouras, Panayiotis ^{[10
,11
]}

Ondracek, Jakub ^{[12
]}

Zikova, Nadezda ^{[12
]}

Niemi, Jarkko V. ^{[13
]}

Manninen, Hanna E. ^{[13
]}

Green, David C. ^{[14
,15
]}

Tremper, Anja H. ^{[14
]}

Norman, Michael ^{[16
]}

Vratolis, Stergios ^{[17
]}

Diapouli, Evangelia ^{[17
]}

Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos ^{[17
]}

Gomez-Moreno, Francisco J. ^{[18
]}

Alonso-Blanco, Elisabeth ^{[18
]}

Wiedensohler, Alfred ^{[19
]}

Weinhold, Kay ^{[19
]}

Merkel, Maik ^{[19
]}

Bastian, Susanne ^{[20
]}

Hoffmann, Barbara ^{[21
,22
]}

Altug, Hicran ^{[21
,22
]}

Petit, Jean-Eudes ^{[23
]}

Acharja, Prodip ^{[23
]}

Favez, Olivier ^{[24
]}

Dos Santos, Sebastiao Martins ^{[25
]}

Putaud, Jean-Philippe ^{[25
]}

Dinoi, Adelaide ^{[26
]}

Contini, Daniele ^{[26
]}

Casans, Andrea ^{[27
]}

Casquero-Vera, Juan Andres ^{[27
]}

Crumeyrolle, Suzanne ^{[28
]}

Bourrianne, Eric ^{[28
]}

Van Poppel, Martine ^{[29
]}

Dreesen, Freja E. ^{[30
]}

Harni, Sami ^{[31
]}

Timonen, Hilkka ^{[31
]}

Lampilahti, Janne ^{[32
]}

Petaja, Tuukka ^{[32
]}

Pandolfi, Marco ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Inst Environm Assessment & Water Res IDAEA CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain

[2] Univ Barcelona, Dept Appl Phys Meteorol, Barcelona 08028, Spain

[3] Univ Politecn Catalunya UPC, Manresa Sch Engn EPSEM, Dept Min Ind & ICT Engn EMIT, Manresa 08242, Spain

[4] Univ Birmingham, Sch Geog Earth & Environm Sci, Div Environm Hlth & Risk Management, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England

[5] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Chem, Budapest, Hungary

[6] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Hevesy Gyorgy PhD Sch Chem, Budapest, Hungary

[7] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Dept Meteorol, Budapest, Hungary

[8] Swiss Fed Labs Mat Sci & Technol Empa, Lab Air Pollut & Environm Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland

[9] Univ Crete, Dept Chem, Environm Chem Proc Lab, Iraklion 71003, Greece

[10] Natl Observ Athens, Inst Environm Res & Sustainable Dev, Athens 11810, Greece

[11] Univ Aegean, Dept Environm, Mitilini 81100, Greece

[12] Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Chem Proc Fundamentals, Res Grp Aerosol Chem & Phys, Vvi, Rozvojova 1, Prague, Czech Republic

[13] Helsinki Reg Environm Serv Author HSY, Helsinki 00240, Finland

[14] Imperial Coll London, Environm Res Grp, MRC Ctr Environm & Hlth, London, England

[15] Imperial Coll London, NIHR HPRU Environm Exposures & Hlth, London, England

[16] SLB Anal, Environm & Hlth Adm, Box 8136, S-10420 Stockholm, Sweden

[17] NCSR Demokritos, Inst Nucl & Radiol Sci & Technol Energy & Safety, ENRACT, Athens 15310, Greece

[18] CIEMAT, Dept Environm, Madrid 28040, Spain

[19] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res TROPOS, Leipzig, Germany

[20] Saxon State Off Environm Agr & Geol LfULG, Dresden, Germany

[21] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Inst Occupat Social & Environm Med, Fac Med, Dusseldorf, Germany

[22] Heinrich Heine Univ Dusseldorf, Univ Hosp Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany

[23] CEA, Orme Merisiers, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France

[24] Inst Natl Environm Ind & Risques INERIS, Parc Technol Alata BP2, F-60550 Verneuil En Halatte, France

[25] European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr JRC, I-21027 Ispra, Italy

[26] ISAC CNR, I-73100 Lecce, Italy

[27] Univ Granada, Andalusian Inst Earth Syst Res IISTA CEAMA, Granada, Spain

[28] Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8518, LOA, Lille, France

[29] Flemish Inst Technol Res VITO, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium

[30] Flanders Environm Agcy, Dokter De Moorstr 24-26, B-9300 Aalst, Belgium

[31] Finnish Meteorol Inst, Atmospher Composit Res, Helsinki, Finland

[32] Univ Helsinki, Fac Sci, Inst Atmospher & Earth Syst Res INAR, Helsinki, Finland

[33] Univ Rochester, Sch Med & Dent, Dept Publ Hlth Sci, Rochester, NY 14642 USA

[34] King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Meteorol Environm & Arid Land Agr, Dept Environm Sci, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

来源：

ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL | 2024年 / 194卷

关键词：

Positive matrix factorization; Ultrafine particles; Particle number size distributions; Air quality; Traffic emissions; New particle formation; AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; POSITIVE MATRIX FACTORIZATION; NUMBER CONCENTRATION; AIR-POLLUTION; BLACK CARBON; BACKGROUND SITE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; PARTICULATE MATTER; NUCLEATION EVENTS; COVID-19; LOCKDOWN;

D O I：

10.1016/j.envint.2024.109149

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

There is a body of evidence that ultrafine particles (UFP, those with diameters <= 100 nm) might have significant impacts on health. Accordingly, identifying sources of UFP is essential to develop abatement policies. This study focuses on urban Europe, and aims at identifying sources and quantifying their contributions to particle number size distribution (PNSD) using receptor modelling (Positive Matrix Factorization, PMF), and evaluating long-term trends of these source contributions using the non-parametric Theil-Sen's method. Datasets evaluated include 14 urban background (UB), 5 traffic (TR), 4 suburban background (SUB), and 1 regional background (RB) sites, covering 18 European and 1 USA cities, over the period, when available, from 2009 to 2019. Ten factors were identified (4 road traffic factors, photonucleation, urban background, domestic heating, 2 regional factors and long-distance transport), with road traffic being the primary contributor at all UB and TR sites (56-95 %), and photonucleation being also significant in many cities. The trends analyses showed a notable decrease in traffic-related UFP ambient concentrations, with statistically significant decreasing trends for the total traffic-related factors of -5.40 and -2.15 % yr(-1) for the TR and UB sites, respectively. This abatement is most probably due to the implementation of European emissions standards, particularly after the introduction of diesel particle filters (DPFs) in 2011. However, DPFs do not retain nucleated particles generated during the dilution of diesel exhaust semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Trends in photonucleation were more diverse, influenced by a reduction in the condensation sink potential facilitating new particle formation (NPF) or by a decrease in the emissions of UFP precursors. The decrease of primary PM emissions and precursors of UFP also contributed to the reduction of urban and regional background sources.

引用

页数：17

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