From agroindustrial waste to nutraceuticals: Potential of mango seed for sustainable product development

Background: Agroindustrial wastes are a significant problem in our society, however, they can be used to generate high-value-added products. Mango ( Mangifera indica L.) seed, a waste generated in substantial amounts and rich in bioactive compounds, can be used for the development of nutraceuticals that improve human health. Scope and approach: This review describes mango's typical characteristics, waste generation after processing, and the problems associated with its improper disposal. This work focuses on mango seed, highlighting its phytochemical composition, bioactive compounds, and their activities and extraction techniques. It also provides considerations for developing nutraceuticals by studying toxicity, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability, gives strategic recommendations, and outlines the benefits of using mango seed for this purpose. Key findings and conclusions: Mango seed has a large amount of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins, which possess important biological activities, thus having a high potential for the development of nutraceuticals. However, extraction of these compounds remains a challenge as there are no standard procedures. In addition, the degradation of these compounds could affect their efficacy, so protection strategies are required. Bioaccessibility and bioavailability studies are crucial to ensure their preventive or therapeutic efficacy. Regulations and guidelines for nutraceuticals should be clarified. Process management and scalability strategies must also be designed to facilitate their integration into nutraceutical products efficiently. These considerations are essential to fully exploit the potential of mango seed in nutraceuticals.