N-nitrosamine containing underground waters and regional cancer incidence in the Pearl River Delta region

被引：0
|
作者：
Zhao L. [1 ]
Cen K. [1 ]
Liu X. [2 ]
Wu X. [1 ]
Zhu X. [3 ]
Wei J. [1 ]
Chen Y. [4 ]
Lun Z. [5 ]
机构：
[1] School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing
[2] Experiment School Affiliated to Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
[3] State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang
[4] China Nuclear Power Design Co. Ltd, Shenzhen
[5] Development Research Center of China Geological Survey, Beijing
来源：
Earth Science Frontiers | 2019年 / 26卷 / 02期
关键词：
Cumulate pollution; Detecting trace nitrosaminesin drinking water; GC/El-MS/MS analytic method for nitrosamines; Nitrogen-rich eutrophication in soil and water; Pearl River Delta region; Regional cancer; Underground water containing nitrosamines;
D O I：
10.13745/j.esf.sf.2019.1.19
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Localized/regional nasopharyngeal and hepatocellular carcinoma in South China are the typical cancer types by regional malignant tumor, ravaging public health in the area for hundreds of years. In this paper, taking the centuries old regional carcinoma epidemic in the Pearl River Delta as an example, applying epidemiology and ecogeochemical methodology, we determined that both environmental and drinking waters contained N-nitrosamine, a known carcinogen. We investigated the formation mechanism of N-nitrosamines compounds in natural waters under the constraints of regional geological, climate, hydrologic and ecological conditions. We developed a solid-phase extraction method (SPE) adaptable to gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis to detect nine trace N-nitrosamine compounds in environmental and drinking waters. The detection limit ranged from 0.34 to 2.19 ng/L. In two representative cancer high-risk areas, Shunde and Sihui, we performed for the first time quantitive analysis of nine trace N-nitrosamines in different water occurrences. The results showed that the N-nitrosamine concentrations in local waters ranged from 0.34 to 307 ng/L. And the detection rate of 40% was much higher than the 15% rate set by healthy drinking water standard for N-nitrosamines at 10 ng/L. The testing results indicated NDMA and NDBA were the main pollutants, while other nitrosamines were detected at lower concentrations. In the less industrialized Sihui area, nitrosamine concentrations share the same statistical characteristics for different water occurrences such as well, tap, underground and spring waters: the average and peak values of NDMA and NDBA barely exceeded the standards at 21.77 and 15.54 ng/L, respectively, higher than other nitrosamines. This was a typical nitrosamine composition profile for the natural regional underground water. The water samples were taken from wells at 0-20 m depths. The underground water is ammonium-rich and contains nitrosamines formed under unique regional ecogeological and climate conditions, and it may be the original culprit of the regional carcinoma. Among the five endemic regions studied, the industrialized Shunde area has highest nitrosamine content, with nitrosamine concentration correlating positively with hepatocellular carcinoma morbidity. Our study confirmed that cumulative effect of industrial pollution can increase cancer morbidity. © 2019, Editorial Office of Earth Science Frontiers. All right reserved.
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页码：335 / 349
页数：14
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