Objective: To evaluate neck muscular strength (NMS) of the air force pilots and its role in the circumstance of aerial dynamics. Method: The tests were performed by using CME-1 Neck Muscle Training Machine with 149 pilots volunteered as test subjects. Each individual's maximal isometric NMS was evaluated in the extension, flexion, left and right lateral bending directions within a single day. The NMS in each direction was tested for 10 times to choose the maximal peak value in each direction as the NMS for data analysis. The mean of overall peak value in each direction was calculated as the mean neck muscular strength (MNMS). The ratio(r) between MNMS and NMS was calculated to reflect the neck muscular endurance in pilots. Results: The NMS in the flexion, extension, and left and right lateral bending directions was (132.0±42.2)N, (205.2±82.2)N, (174.3±76.4)N and (191.2±78.3)N respectively, the NMS in the extension or flexion direction was significantly different (P