A real-time video watermarking algorithm for streaming media

被引：0

作者：

College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, China ^{[1
]}

不详 ^{[2
]}

不详 ^{[3
]}

不详 ^{[4
]}

机构：

[1] College of Computer, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing

[2] Jiangsu High Technology Research Key Laboratory for Wireless Sensor Networks, Nanjing

[3] Key Lab of Broadband Wireless Communication and Sensor Network Technology, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Ministry of Education Jiangsu Province, Nanjing

[4] Power Dispatching Centre, Nanjing Power Supply Company

来源：

Cheng, C. (chengcl@njupt.edu.cn) | 1600年 / Advanced Institute of Convergence Information Technology卷 / 06期

关键词：

H.264; Motion vector; Piracy tracking; Streaming media; Video watermark;

D O I：

10.4156/jdcta.vol6.issue14.59

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Video watermarking technology is a useful method to track piracy for digital videos. However, most watermarking algorithms cannot be directly applied to H.264 streaming media because of their poor real-time performance, which may cause users to watch the video unsmoothly. In order to solve this problem, a real-time H.264 video watermarking algorithm (RVWA) is proposed. First, the video is segmented before embedding watermark, which makes watermark embedding and video transmission be carried on at the same time. Then, the concept of watermark embedding margin of frame (WEMF) is proposed to shorten the watermark embedding time. By calculating the value of WEMF for each B frame, which is related to its frame bits, suitable B-frames can be selected to embed watermark without decoding it completely. Finally, with the characteristic of variable macro block size in H.264 coding standard, a simplified formula is presented to quickly calculate the just noticeable difference (JND) value of the macro block, and then the macro blocks with larger JND value are selected to embed watermark into their motion vectors, which also provides good invisibility. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can find suitable embedding positions and embed watermark quickly with good invisibility and less increase of the bit-rate of video. RVWA algorithm can be used in stream media environment in real time.

引用

页码：504 / 511

页数：7

共 12 条

[1]

Zheng X., Zhao Y., Liu G., Na L., Design of Digital Video Watermarking General Model and Its Applications, JDCTA: International Journal of Digital Content Technology and Its Applications, 6, 1, pp. 152-160, (2012)

[2]

Dawen X., Wang R., Wang J., A novel watermarking scheme for H. 264/AVC video authentication, Signal Processing: Image Communication, 26, 6, pp. 267-279, (2011)

[3]

Noorkami M., Mersereau R., Digital video watermarking in P-frames with controlled video bit-rate increase, IEEE Transactions On Information Forensics and Security, 3, 3, pp. 441-455, (2008)

[4]

Fred J., Martin K., Proposal of a Watermarking Technique For Hiding/retrieving Data In Compressed and Decompressed Video, 2281, 1, pp. 27-31, (1997)

[5]

Ming-Ming H., Hong-Wei L., Ke N., Video watermarking scheme based on phase angle of motion vector, Journal of Computer Applications, 1, 2, pp. 116-118, (2010)

[6]

Zheng Z.-D., Wang P., Chen S., A Video Watermarking Scheme Based on the Region Character of Motion Vectors, Journal of Image and Graphics, 1, 10, pp. 1926-1929, (2008)

[7]

Jiang M., Ma Z., Niu X., Yang Y., An Innovative Video Watermarking Scheme Based on H.264 for Copyright Protection, JDCTA: International Journal of Digital Content Technology and Its Applications, 6, 5, pp. 290-297, (2012)

[8]

Wang J., Liu J., Masilela M., A real-time video watermarking system with buffer sharing for video-on-demand service, Computers and Electrical Engineering, 35, 2, pp. 395-414, (2009)

[9]

He Y., Yang G., Zhu N., A real-time dual watermarking algorithm of H. 264/AVC video stream for Video-on-Demand service, AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, 66, 4, pp. 305-312, (2011)

[10]

Kim D.-W., Choi Y.-G., Kim H.-S., Yoo J.-S., Choi H.-J., Seo Y.-H., The problems in digital watermarking into intra-frames of H. 264/AVC, Image and Vision Computing, 28, 8, pp. 1220-1228, (2010)

← 1 2 →