Removal of nitrogen from wastewater: Unsolved problems and possible solutions with partial denitrification/anammox systems

被引:2
作者
Majtacz, Joanna [1 ,2 ]
Al-Hazmi, Hussein E. [1 ,2 ,3 ]
Xu, Xianbao [1 ,2 ,4 ]
Piechota, Grzegorz [5 ]
Li, Xiang [4 ]
Kumar, Gopalakrishnan [6 ,7 ]
Aminabhavi, Tejraj M. [8 ,9 ]
Saeb, Mohammad Reza [10 ]
Badawi, Michael [1 ,11 ]
Akinia, Jacek M. [1 ,2 ]
机构
[1] Gdansk Univ Technol, Eko Tech Ctr, Ul Narutowicza 11-12, PL-80233 Gdansk, Poland
[2] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Civil & Environm Engn, Dept Sanit Engn, Ul Narutowicza 11-12, PL-80233 Gdansk, Poland
[3] Univ Ghent, Dept Green Chem & Technol, BioCo Res Grp, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
[4] Donghua Univ, Coll Environm Sci & Engn, State Environm Protect Engn Ctr Pollut Treatment &, 2999 North Renmin Rd, Shanghai 201620, Peoples R China
[5] GPCHEM Lab Biogas Res & Anal, Ul Legionow 40a-3, PL-87100 Torun, Poland
[6] Yonsei Univ, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Seoul 03722, South Korea
[7] Univ Stavanger, Fac Sci & Technol, Inst Chem Biosci & Environm Engn, Box 8600 Forus, N-4036 Stavanger, Norway
[8] KLE Technol Univ, Ctr Energy & Environm, Sch Adv Sci, Hubballi 580031, India
[9] Korea Univ, Seoul 02841, South Korea
[10] Med Univ Gdansk, Dept Pharmaceut Chem, J Hallera107, PL-80416 Gdansk, Poland
[11] Univ Lorraine, CNRS, L2CM, F-54000 Nancy, France
关键词
Wastewaters treatment; Nitrogen removal; Partial denitrification; Anammox; Sustainable water availability; FAST START-UP; ENDOGENOUS PARTIAL DENITRIFICATION; CONVENTIONAL ACTIVATED-SLUDGE; AMMONIUM OXIDATION DEAMOX; SEQUENCING BATCH REACTOR; ANAMMOX PROCESS; MICROBIAL COMMUNITY; PARTIAL NITRITATION/ANAMMOX; NITRITE PRODUCTION; COUPLING ANAMMOX;
D O I
10.1016/j.cej.2024.156131
中图分类号
X [环境科学、安全科学];
学科分类号
08 ; 0830 ;
摘要
Nitrate (NO3-) is more stable than ammonia (NH4+) and nitrite (NO2-) among the majority of emerging pollutants in wastewater that can harm the ecosystem by depleting oxygen and water quality, thereby posing environmental and human health risks. Despite anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) being a common method for nitrogen (N) removal from wastewater, it leaves behind residual NO3- of around 11 %. Maintaining the stability of N removal in the mainstream of wastewater (50-60 mg/L) is challenging due to the lack of intrinsic factors that suppress nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and the accumulation of NO3-. Recently, partial denitrification/anammox (PD/A) has been recognized as a useful approach to eliminate NO3- and NH4+ from the sidestream (>= 500 mg/L of N) and mainstream wastewater simultaneously. This review explores the complexities of sustaining stability in PD/A systems, including managing fluctuating NH4 (+) and NO3- levels while keeping a COD/N ratio of <= 3 to facilitate optimal NO2- production for the anammox. This review discusses the significance of temperature, pH, free ammonia, and free nitrous acid levels for optimal total N removal efficiency and PD/A stability in the long term. Strategies used for initiating and restoring the PD/A systems include optimized inoculum selection, granular sludge seeding, stepwise acclimation, bioaugmentation, unique substance incorporation, and innovative system design. Additionally, various strategies aim to enhance the stability by modifying the substance composition, introducing inorganic carbon and NO3-, incorporating heavy metals, embedding the biomass in gel carriers, adding microalgae, and adjusting hydraulic and solids retention time. These solutions aim to address the challenges to improve stability in the PD/A process. Future research roadmaps and supporting portfolios should address advancements and emerging technologies tackling the ongoing challenges in PD/A systems. These developments emphasize the significance of wastewater treatment for sustainable water availability to support the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG 6) established in 2015.
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页数:16
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