Feed-shifting strategy for increasing biodiesel production from black soldier fly larvae

The aim of this study was to increase the bioconversion efficiency (lipid accumulation) of black soldier fly larvae while simultaneously increasing biodiesel production through a feed-shifting strategy. Feeding with low-lipid feed promoted an increase in larval weight, while high-lipid feed resulted in greater lipid accumulation. Based on this result, a feed-shifting strategy was introduced, which consisted of two stages: first, increasing larval body weight using low-lipid feed, followed by lipid induction for biodiesel production using high-lipid feed. The use of this strategy resulted in an increase in the dry weight of larvae by >= 16 % compared to single feeding systems. This led to a 20 % increase in biodiesel productivity. The waste reduction ratio was enhanced due to the higher bioconversion rate in the feed-shifting strategy compared to that in the single feeding systems. The feed- shifting strategy would contribute to the enhancement of waste-to-energy efficiency.