BIM-blockchain integrated automatic asset tracking and delay propagation analysis for prefabricated construction projects

Asset tracking is crucial for managing prefabricated construction projects, as delayed deliveries might disrupt interdependent offsite and onsite activities, causing economic losses and disputes. To clarify liabilities, tamperproof asset tracking and delay propagation analysis are necessary. To achieve this, a BIM-blockchain integrated framework via smart contracts is proposed given rich information in BIM and blockchain's immutable records. First, asset information and interdependent activity schedule are automatically transmitted from BIM to blockchain. Then, QR codes are generated and attached to physical assets for tracking. If any delays, compiled smart contracts will automatically derive propagated impacts on offsite and onsite activities considering their interdependencies and proactively notify relevant parties. Affected activities with assets, certification time, and responsible parties are automatically visualized in 4D BIM for timely collaboration. The developed IFCEthereum prototype demonstrates the framework's feasibility and effectiveness, reducing coordination overhead costs and time. Traceable records help further calculate parties' penalties and compensation.