Ultraviolet radiation and health

Ultraviolet radiation is a well-known carcinogen that has a large impacy on biological structures and as a consequence on human health. While they have some positive effects associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation, over exposures can lead to acute and chronic health effects on skin, eyes and immune system. With the right preventable measures, the negative effects associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation can be largely avoided. The principal goal of preventive efforts is to reduce exposure to ultraviolet radiation through behavioral and environmental changes. While the mutagenic and carcinogenic properties of UVA are well established, mechanisms of UVA mutagenesis remain a matter of debate. However, the role of UVA in solar photocarcinogenesis appears more prominent that it was thought before. The most recent results have shown that mechanisms of photocarcinogenesis induced either by UVA or UVB are identical, their weight in the solar radiation being equivalent. Preventive efforts should be directed toward children and toward outdoor workers. Practical guides are provided by WHO to assist local authorities to implement policies, practices and environmental changes that will reduce the risks associated with ultraviolet radiation. © 2007 EDP Sciences.