Integrating Symbol Similarities with Knowledge Graph Embedding for Entity Alignment: An Unsupervised Framework

Entity alignment refers to discovering identical entity pairs in 2 knowledge graphs, which is a significant task in knowledge fusion. Early automated entity alignment techniques are based mainly on similarity calculation and comparing symbolic features, i.e., entity names, between entities. Nevertheless, such methods’ performance would reduce significantly when the difference between knowledge graphs is enormous because of relying on predefined comparison rules. Recently, embedding-based methods calculate the similarity between entity pairs through vector embeddings and thus can deal with different knowledge graphs. However, embedding-based methods mostly require humans to annotate data, which is laborious. Therefore, we learn from each other to propose an unsupervised entity alignment framework in this work, which can generate initial alignment seeds automatically by considering symbolic similarities. It can effectively avoid the waste of human resources and is suitable for handling multiple types of knowledge graphs. In addition, we investigate improving the quality and quantity of initial alignment by integrating multiple symbolic similarity features of entities and dealing with the situation of entity information missing better. Experimental results on 3 real datasets demonstrate its state-of-the-art performance. © 2023 Tingting Jiang et al.