Mitigation of T3SS-mediated virulence in waterborne pathogenic bacteria by multi-electrode cylindrical-DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water

被引：0
作者：
Borkar S.B. [1 ]
Negi M. [1 ]
Acharya T.R. [1 ]
Lamichhane P. [1 ]
Kaushik N. [2 ]
Choi E.H. [1 ]
Kaushik N.K. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Department of Electrical and Biological Physics /Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University, Seoul
[2] Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, The University of Suwon, Hwaseong
来源：
Chemosphere | 2024年 / 350卷
基金：
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词：
Effectors; Environmental contaminant; Plasma generated nitric oxide water; T3SS (Type III secretion system); VBNC; Waterborne pathogenic bacteria;
D O I：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140997
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria are globally recognized to cause severe diarrheal diseases, consisting of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) effectors that help in bacterial infection and virulence in host cells. This study investigates the properties of multi-electrode cylindrical DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water (MCDBD-PG-NOW) treatment on the survival and virulence of S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. The Colony Forming Unit (CFU) assay, live/dead cell staining, lipid peroxidation assay, and bacteria morphological analysis showed substantial growth inhibition of bacteria. Moreover, to confirm the interaction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) with bacterial membrane biotin switch assay, DAF-FM, and FTIR analysis were carried out, which established the formation of S-nitrosothiols in the cell membrane, intracellular accumulation of RNS, and changes in the cell composition post-PG-NOW treatment. Furthermore, the conventional culture-based method and a quantitative PCR using propidium monoazide showed minimal VBNC induction under similar condition. The efficiency of bacteria to adhere to mammalian colon cells was significantly reduced. In addition, the infection rate was also controlled by disrupting the virulent genes, leading to the collapse of the infection mechanism. This study provides insights into whether RNS generated from PG-NOW might be beneficial for preventing diarrheal infections. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
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