Demographics of tidal disruption events with L-Galaxies: I. Volumetric TDE rates and the abundance of nuclear star clusters

被引:6
作者
Polkas, M. [1 ,2 ]
Bonoli, S. [1 ,3 ]
Bortolas, E. [4 ,5 ]
Izquierdo-Villalba, D. [4 ,5 ]
Sesana, A. [4 ,5 ,6 ]
Broggi, L. [4 ,5 ]
Hoyer, N. [1 ,7 ,8 ,9 ]
Spinoso, D. [10 ]
机构
[1] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain
[2] Univ Basque Country UPV EHU, Dept Theoret Phys, Bilbao 48080, Spain
[3] Basque Fdn Sci, IKERBASQUE, E-48013 Bilbao, Spain
[4] Univ Milano Bicocca, Dipartimento Fis G Occhialini, Piazza Sci 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy
[5] INFN, Sez Milano Bicocca, Piazza Sci 3, I-20126 Milan, Italy
[6] INAF Osservatorio Astron Brera, Via Brera 20, I-20121 Milan, Italy
[7] Max Planck Inst Astron, Konigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[8] Pontificia Univ Catolic Chile, Inst Astron, Ave Vicuna Mackena 4690, Santiago, Chile
[9] Heidelberg Univ, Seminar Str 2, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
[10] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Astron, MongManWai Bldg, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
基金
国家重点研发计划; 美国国家科学基金会;
关键词
galaxies: nuclei; galaxies: statistics; MASSIVE BLACK-HOLE; POST-STARBURST GALAXIES; ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI; RAY LUMINOSITY FUNCTION; SIMILAR-TO; 0.7; X-RAY; STELLAR-MASS; DWARF GALAXIES; N-BODY; QUIESCENT GALAXIES;
D O I
10.1051/0004-6361/202449470
中图分类号
P1 [天文学];
学科分类号
0704 ;
摘要
Stars can be ripped apart by tidal forces in the vicinity of a massive black hole (MBH), causing luminous flares known as tidal disruption events (TDEs). These events could be contributing to the mass growth of intermediate-mass MBHs. New samples from transient surveys can provide useful information on this unexplored growth channel. This work aims to study the demographics of TDEs by modeling the coevolution of MBHs and their galactic environments in a cosmological framework. We use the semianalytic galaxy formation model L-Galaxies BH, which follows the evolution of galaxies as well as of MBHs, including multiple scenarios for MBH seeds and growth, spin evolution, and binary MBH dynamics. We associated time-dependent TDE rates with each MBH depending on the stellar environment, following the solutions to the 1D Fokker Planck equation solved with PHASEFLOW. Our model produces volumetric rates that are in agreement with the latest optical and previous X-ray samples. This agreement requires a high occupation fraction of nuclear star clusters with MBHs since these star reservoirs host the majority of TDEs at all mass regimes. We predict that TDE rates are an increasing function of MBH mass up to similar to 10(5.5 )M(circle dot), beyond which the distribution flattens and eventually drops for > 10(7 )M(circle dot). In general, volumetric rates are predicted to be redshift independent at z < 1. We discuss how the spin distribution of MBHs around the event horizon suppression can be constrained via TDE rates and the average contribution of TDEs to the MBH growth. In our work, the majority of low-mass galaxies host nuclear star clusters that have their loss-cone depleted by z = 0, explaining why TDEs are rare in these systems. This highlights how essential time-dependent TDE rates are for any model to be in good agreement with observations at all mass regimes.
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页数:25
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