Quaternary ammonium cation cellulose (QACC) was synthesized as a kind of indoor air purification material and then installed in an air purifier. The structure of QACC was characterized. Taking the microorganism as main treatment objective, the purification effect of QACC on indoor air microorganism, formaldehyde and TSP was studied, respectively. The purification mechanism of QACC was discussed. At (25±5)°C and 50% relative humidity, after 12h operation of air purifier in a 20 m2 room, the removal rates of microorganism, formaldehyde and TSP were up to 82.3%, 41.5% and 98.1% respectively. QACC has significant antibacterial effect, which makes it possible to be installed in air purifier for improving air quality.