[Square Solid] The linchpin of process cost analysis (PCA) is the evaluation of the product's life cycle and an internalization of market factors. [Square Solid] Value engineering, function analysis, and cost-driver analysis are integrated under PCA to link functions and processes. [Square Solid] The cost of product characteristics must be evaluated in comparison to customer value, and it also guides the tracking of cost increments at the product design and production stages. [Square Solid] The new PCA approach brings to the fore quality-costing factors, and monitoring of error-and-default costs over the product's life cycle, so that pre-emptive action can be directed at the right place and time.