A zero-watermarking scheme based on spread spectrum and holography

This paper proposes a zero-watermarking scheme based on spread spectrum and holography. The method makes no changes to cover images while embedding the owner information of images so as to achieve high transparency. Discrete Wavelet transform, matrix norm and holography are used to generate the feature image in order. While Arnold transformation and spread spectrum technique are employed to disturb and spread the watermark. Finally Visual Cryptography scheme is applied to generate secret image by using a codebook. The experimental results show that the algorithm is effective and robust against most conventional attacks. © Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2015