An optimized ladle refractory configuration for steel refining and vacuum degassing processes at SSAB Americas

In the steel industry, ladles are subject to cyclic and changing thermal conditions along with varying loads. Steel processed through a vacuum tank degasser (without heating capability) must be heated to higher temperatures during ladle refining to avoid freezing during vacuum treatment. The mechanical effect from the load and prolonged high-temperature exposures can result in creep damage. To avoid damage and extend the life of the ladle shell, it is important to ensure that the shell temperature does not exceed the specified design maximum. In this study, a mathematical modeling method was employed to investigate the effect of refractory configurations on the ladle shell temperature under various conditions. An optimum ladle refractory configuration was established to ensure that ladle shell temperatures are always within the design range. © 2018 Iron and Steel Society. All rights reserved.