Bearing fault diagnosis with parallel CNN and LSTM

Intelligent diagnosis of bearing faults is fundamental to machinery automation and their intelligent operation. Deep learning-based analysis of bearing vibration data has emerged as one research mainstream for fault diagnosis. To enhance the quality of feature extraction from bearing vibration signals and the robustness of the model, we construct a fault diagnostic model based on convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM) parallel network to extract their temporal and spatial features from two perspectives. First, via resampling, vibration signal is split into equal-sized slices which are then converted into time-frequency images by continuous wavelet transform (CWT). Second, LSTM extracts the time-correlation features of 1D signals as one path, and 2D-CNN extracts the local frequency distribution features of time-frequency images as another path. Third, 1D-CNN further extracts integrated features from the fusion features yielded by former parallel paths. Finally, these categories are calculated through the softmax function. According to experimental results, the proposed model has satisfactory diagnostic accuracy and robustness in different contexts on two different datasets. ©2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.