Recently, natural wood adhesives using non-fossil resources have been developed due to an alternative of synthetic adhesives derived from fossil resources. The development methodology of conventional natural wood adhesives is classified into four groups, i.e., utilization of natural substances as raw materials of synthetic resins, preparation of natural wood adhesives by chemical modification of natural substances, preparation of natural wood adhesives by adding a synthetic compound, and the combination of these methods. According to the development methodology, many natural wood adhesives such as polysaccharides, proteins, and aromatic bases have been developed, and the adhesive properties have been compared with that of synthetic adhesives. Generally, the adhesive properties of natural adhesives are not so excellent, and especially the improvement of water resistance is desired.