PA1010 composites filled with several kinds of rare earth compounds such as CeO2, LaF3 and La2O3 were prepared by hot squeezing injection mold method. The density and hardness were measured. The friction and wear behaviors of the composites were examined on a MM-200 ring-on-block wear tester. The morphologies of wear surfaces and transfer films were examined on an optical microscopy. It was found that filling CeO2, LaF3 and La2O3 to PA1010 could reduce the friction coefficient and wear rate, with the La2O3 in particular. The friction-reducing and wear resistance properties of PA1010-15% La2O3composite is the best. The wear mechanisms of PA1010 and PA1010 composites are different. The serious plowing, plastic deformation and fatigue wear are dominant for PA1010, and the transfer films of PA1010 on the counterface are not homogeneous and have tears in the films. The slight plowing governs wear is dominant for PA1010-15% La2O3 composite, the transfer films of PA1010-15% La2O3 composite on counterface are dense, smooth, thin and homogeneous. This conforms to the best wear resistance of PA1010-15% La2O3 composite.