Considering cooperative up-conversion, cross-relaxation and excited state absorption, the rate equations of eight energy levels were founded for Yb-Er co-doped Al2O3 materials. The functions of coefficients of cooperative up-conversion, cross-relaxation and excited state absorption varied along with the concentrations of ytterbium and erbium were built phenomenologically. The relationship among 1.53 μm photoluminescence intensity, doped concentration, and pump power were numerically simulated for Yb-Er co-doped Al2O3 film. The results show that there is the optimum Yb-doped concentration when Er-doped concentration and pump power are constant. The optimal Yb:Er ratio will decrease following with increase of pump power under the fixed Er-doped concentration, and the optimal Yb:Er ratio will also decrease following with increase of Er-doped concentration when pump power is fixed. The computed results are in good agreement with the experiment surveys.