Anti-inflammatory properties of yellow and orange pigments from monascus purpureus NTU 568

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[1] [1,Hsu, Li-Chuan
[2] 1,Liang, Yu-Han
[3] 1,Hsu, Ya-Wen
[4] 2,Kuo, Yao-Haur
[5] Pan, Tzu-Ming
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Kuo, Y.-H. (kuoyh@nricm.edu.tw) | 1600年 / American Chemical Society卷 / 61期
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The Monascus species has been used in foods for thousands of years in China. In this study; 10 azaphilone pigments; including four yellow and six orange pigments; were isolated from the fermented rice and dioscorea of Monascus purpureus NTU 568. By employing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells; we determined the inhibitory activities of these pigments on nitric oxide (NO) production. As a result; four orange pigments; monaphilols A-D; showed the highest activities (IC50 = 1.0-3.8 μM); compared with the other two orange pigments; monascorubrin (IC 50 > 40 μM) and rubropunctatin (IC50 = 21.2 μM); and the four yellow pigments ankaflavin (IC50 = 21.8 μM); monascin; (IC50; 29.1; μM); monaphilone A (IC50 = 19.3 μM); and monaphilone B (IC50 = 22.6 μM). Using Western blot and ELISA kits; we found that treatments with 30 μM of the yellow pigments and 5 μM of the orange pigments could down-regulate the protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); interleukin-1β; (IL-1β); and interleukin-6 (IL-6). We also used two animal experiments to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of these pigments. In a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema model; eight of these pigments (0.5 mg/ear) could prevent ear edema against TPA administrations on the ears of BALB/c mice. In an LPS-injection mice model; several of these pigments (10 mg/kg) could inhibit the NO; TNF-α; IL-1β; and IL-6 levels in the plasma of BALB/c mice. As concluded from the in vitro and in vivo studies; six azaphilonoid pigments; namely; ankaflavin; monaphilone A; and monaphilols A-D; showed high potential to be developed into chemopreventive foods or drugs against inflammation-associated diseases. © 2013 American Chemical Society;
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