Influence of Printing Angulation on the Flexural Strength of 3D Printed Resins: An In Vitro Study

This study compared the flexural strength of various 3D printed resins fabricated at different building angles (0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees). Four groups of resins were tested: Varseo Smile Teeth (Bego GmbH & Co., Bremen, Germany), V-print C&B Temp (Voco GmbH, Cuxhaven, Germany), Bego Triniq (Bego GmbH & Co. KG, Bremen, Germany), and Sprintray Crown (SprintRay, Los Angeles, CA, USA). A digital light processing 3D printer (Asiga MAX UV, NSW, Sydney, Australia) was used to fabricate the samples at the specified build angles (0 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees) in accordance with the ISO 4049:2019 standard. Flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine (Instron 5567; Instron Ltd., Norwood, MA, USA), and fracture analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope (Jeol JSM-6060LV, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 26; IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). Means and standard deviations were calculated for each group, and statistical differences were assessed using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test (p < 0.05). All tested resins exhibited high flexural strength values. The maximum flexural strength was observed in the 0 degrees printed samples (137.18 +/- 18.92 MPa), while the lowest values were recorded for the 90 degrees printed samples (116.75 +/- 24.74 MPa). For V-print C&B Temp, the flexural strength at 90 degrees (116.97 +/- 34.87 MPa) was significantly lower compared to the 0 degrees (156.56 +/- 25.58 MPa) and 45 degrees (130.46 +/- 12.33 MPa) orientations. In contrast, Bego Triniq samples printed at 45 degrees (148.91 +/- 21.23 MPa) demonstrated significantly higher flexural strength than those printed at 0 degrees (113.37 +/- 31.93 MPa) or 90 degrees (100.96 +/- 16.66 MPa). Overall, the results indicate that the printing angle has a significant impact on the flexural strength of the materials, with some resins showing lower strength values at the 90 degrees build angle.