Transition metal chalcogenide materials represent nowadays a new family of alternative materials for the cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). During the last decade, the efforts have been concentrated in developing this kind of materials due to their capacity to remain selective and tolerant in the presence of small organics in acid as well as in alkaline media. This is a good advantage regarding their potential use in low power systems working in mixed reactant conditions. Recent efforts have focused on the discovery and/or modification of sensitive catalytic centers. This chapter adds new challenges for the development of such sophisticated materials that become popular in recent years, giving a panorama of the state of the art particularly of nanodivided materials. © Springer-Verlag London 2013.