The paper briefly reviews the development history of SiC fiber derived from precursor polymer. The special features and synthesis methods of superior precursor polymer are described. It is pointed out that the C/Si ratio of precursor polymer ought to be close to 1 or metal elements or sintering aids should be introduced in order to obtain excellent heat-resistant SiC fiber. Some factors affecting its mechanical properties and typical performances of several commercialized SiC ceramic fibers are also introduced.