Air–sea CO2 exchange in the Baltic Sea—A sensitivity analysis of the gas transfer velocity

被引：0

作者：

Gutiérrez-Loza L. ^{[1
]}

Wallin M.B. ^{[2
]}

Sahlée E. ^{[1
]}

Holding T. ^{[3
]}

Shutler J.D. ^{[3
]}

Rehder G. ^{[4
]}

Rutgersson A. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Department of Earth Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala

[2] Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala

[3] Centre for Geography and Environmental Science, University of Exeter, Exeter

[4] Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Rockstock

来源：

Journal of Marine Systems | 2021年 / 222卷

基金：

芬兰科学院;

关键词：

Air–sea exchange; Baltic sea; CO[!sub]2[!/sub] exchange; Transfer velocity parametrization;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jmarsys.2021.103603

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Air–sea gas fluxes are commonly estimated using wind-based parametrizations of the gas transfer velocity. However, neglecting gas exchange forcing mechanisms – other than wind speed – may lead to large uncertainties in the flux estimates and the carbon budgets, in particular, in heterogeneous environments such as marginal seas and coastal areas. In this study we investigated the impact of including relevant processes to the air–sea CO2 flux parametrization for the Baltic Sea. We used six parametrizations of the gas transfer velocity to evaluate the effect of precipitation, water-side convection, and surfactants on the net CO2 flux at regional and sub-regional scale. The differences both in the mean CO2 fluxes and the integrated net fluxes were small between the different cases. However, the implications on the seasonal variability were shown to be significant. The inter-annual and spatial variability were also found to be associated with the forcing mechanisms evaluated in the study. In addition to wind, water-side convection was the most relevant parameter controlling the air–sea gas exchange at seasonal and inter-annual scales. The effect of precipitation and surfactants seemed negligible in terms of the inter-annual variability. The effect of water-side convection and surfactants resulted in a reduction of the downward fluxes, while precipitation was the only parameter that resulted in an enhancement of the net uptake in the Baltic Sea. © 2021

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