Effects of Human Platelet Rich Plasma and BMP-2 on Cytocompatibility of Bioglass-nanoTiO2 Composites in Bioinspired Culture Conditions

Long segmental bones defects that arise because of multiple reasons are not easy to heal and complete regrowth of bone tissue is nearly impossible. Mononuclear cells have the potential to transform into bone if cultured with bioglass, which is the osteoconductive and osteoinductive scaffold. The objective of our study was to investigate the effects of autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Human Bone Morphogenic Protein -2 separately in the formation of osteoblast-like cells from MNCs and investigate their activity towards the formation of the extracellular matrix that favours the formation of bone. For this purpose, the bioglass scaffolds were fabricated with sol-gel technique and doped with 0, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 per cent nanoTiO2 and were designated as BGT0, BGT1, BGT2 and BGT3 respectively. NanoTiO2 was added to check whether Ti can increase cell viability and transformation into bone-forming cells. Freshly isolated MNCs from peripheral blood were selected for in vitro assays to mimic the exact situation that is encountered naturally in vivo. Cell viability assay, ALP activity, the formation of collagen and SEM images showed that the cell viability was increased in all the scaffolds whereas the transformation of the adherent cells to osteoblast-like cells increased with increasing Ti concentration. More importantly, the scaffolds which were cultured with autologous PRP showed more cell viability and increased proliferation and transformation into bone-forming cells which confirm that autologous PRP is more effective than BMP-2 to induce bone formation on Bioglass-nanoTiO2 composites. © (2020) Society for Biomaterials & Artificial Organs.