Application of semantic segmentation based on convolutional neural network in medical images

随着网络结构的迅速发展，卷积神经网络（CNN）在图像分析领域已成为一种领先的机器学习工具。因此，基于 CNN 的语义分割也已成为医学图像理解中的一项关键高级任务。本文综述了基于 CNN 的语义分割在医学图像领域中的研究进展，回顾了多种经典的语义分割方法及其架构变化，并重点介绍了它们在该领域的贡献和意义。在此基础上，进一步总结和讨论了它们在一些重要的生理与病理解剖结构分割中的应用。最后，本文讨论了语义分割在医学图像领域应用将遭遇的挑战和潜在发展方向。.; With the rapid development of network structure, convolutional neural networks (CNN) consolidated its position as a leading machine learning tool in the field of image analysis. Therefore, semantic segmentation based on CNN has also become a key high-level task in medical image understanding. This paper reviews the research progress on CNN-based semantic segmentation in the field of medical image. A variety of classical semantic segmentation methods are reviewed, whose contributions and significance are highlighted. On this basis, their applications in the segmentation of some major physiological and pathological anatomical structures are further summarized and discussed. Finally, the open challenges and potential development direction of semantic segmentation based on CNN in the area of medical image are discussed.