Mural Anomaly Region Detection Algorithm Based on Hyperspectral Multiscale Residual Attention Network

Mural paintings hold significant historical information and possess substantial artistic and cultural value. However, murals are inevitably damaged by natural environmental factors such as wind and sunlight, as well as by human activities. For this reason, the study of damaged areas is crucial for mural restoration. These damaged regions differ significantly from undamaged areas and can be considered abnormal targets. Traditional manual visual processing lacks strong characterization capabilities and is prone to omissions and false detections. Hyperspectral imaging can reflect the material properties more effectively than visual characterization methods. Thus, this study employs hyperspectral imaging to obtain mural information and proposes a mural anomaly detection algorithm based on a hyperspectral multi-scale residual attention network (HM-MRANet). The innovations of this paper include: (1) Constructing mural painting hyperspectral datasets. (2) Proposing a multi-scale residual spectral-spatial feature extraction module based on a 3D CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) network to better capture multiscale information and improve performance on small-sample hyperspectral datasets. (3) Proposing the Enhanced Residual Attention Module (ERAM) to address the feature redundancy problem, enhance the network's feature discrimination ability, and further improve abnormal area detection accuracy. The experimental results show that the AUC (Area Under Curve), Specificity, and Accuracy of this paper's algorithm reach 85.42%, 88.84%, and 87.65%, respectively, on this dataset. These results represent improvements of 3.07%, 1.11% and 2.68% compared to the SSRN algorithm, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method for mural anomaly detection.