Ammonia as an alternative fuel for vehicular applications: Paving the way for adsorbed ammonia and direct ammonia fuel cells

被引：0

作者：

Sonker M. ^{[1
]}

Tiwary S.K. ^{[2
]}

Shreyash N. ^{[2
]}

Bajpai S. ^{[3
]}

Ray M. ^{[4
]}

Kar S.K. ^{[5
]}

Balathanigaimani M.S. ^{[6
]}

机构：

[1] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, GA, Atlanta

[2] Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX

[3] Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK

[4] R&D and Innovation, HPCL-Mittal Energy Limited Bathinda, Punjab

[5] Department of Management Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais

[6] Department of Chemical Engineering and Biochemical Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Jais

来源：

Journal of Cleaner Production | 2022年 / 376卷

关键词：

Alternative fuel; Ammonia; Ammonia economy; Fuel cell; Metal organic frameworks;

D O I：

10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133960

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

This article is a roadmap for researchers in this field to look for an efficient and reliable alternative for fossil fuels in the form of ammonia. We have discussed different storage techniques, with one of them being ‘solid ammonia storage method’ using MOFs and metal ammine complexes as a better option to deal with ammonia toxicity. Besides, we have discussed various approaches of direct and indirect ammonia being used in internal combustion engines as fuel or within fuel cells for creating a sustainable energy source for the onboard vehicular application. To discuss ammonia's feasibility as a commercial fuel, a detailed discussion on ammonia economy is important. So, in the later sections of the article, we have discussed ammonia economy, emerging technologies for ammonia production, cost analysis, investment, the economics of vehicle engines and fuel cells, and opportunities ahead. In the article, apart from just advocating the feasibility of using ammonia as a future fuel, the authors have also talked about its downsides, associated challenges, and how there are alternative pathways to use ammonia indirectly as well. The authors believe that in the literature, very few articles present such a broad discussion on ammonia's feasibility as a future fuel. Thus, we believe this article will help the readers in formulating their own opinion regarding ammonia and work on finding the right fuel for a sustainable future. © 2022

引用

共 201 条

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