Stereo image zero watermarking algorithm based on Tucker decomposition and double scrambling encryption technology

Aiming at the problems of stereo image copyright protection and the poor robustness of existing zero watermarking schemes against geometric attacks，a novel zero watermarking algorithm against geometric attacks is proposed for color stereo image based on Tucker decomposition and Fractional-order Jacobi-Eourier Moments（FJFM）. Firstly，the R，G and B channels of the left and right views of the original color stereo image are separated respectively. Then，the separated six channels are combined and treated as a third-order tensor for Tucker decomposition to obtain the first energy map containing the correlation between the left and right views. Secondly，the mixed low-order moment feature（MLMF）of the mean sub-image obtained by 4×4 non-overlapping blocking to the first energy map is calculated based on FJFM. Then the binary robust feature matrix is constructed according to the MLMF. Finally，the final authentication zero watermark is generated using the exclusive-or operation between the watermark encrypted by the double scrambling and encryption methods and the feature matrix scrambled using the proposed chaotic system. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm shows strong robustness to the common non-geometric attacks such as adding noise，filtering and compression，and the NC values of watermark detection are more than 0.98. In addition，the proposed algorithm is overall superior to the comparison algorithms in resisting rotation，scaling，translation and the cropping geometric attacks. © 2024 Editorial Board of Jilin University. All rights reserved.