Improving aluminium resource efficiency in China: Based upon material flow analysis and entropy analysis

被引：2
作者：
Zhao G. [1 ,2 ]
Geng Y. [1 ,3 ,4 ]
Tang C. [1 ]
Hao H. [5 ]
Bleischwitz R. [6 ,7 ]
Tian X. [3 ]
机构：
[1] School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
[2] School of Finance and Economics, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang
[3] School of International and Public Affairs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai
[4] China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou
[5] State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing
[6] Institute for Sustainable Resources, Bartlett School of Environment, Energy and Resources, University College London, Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London
[7] Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Bremen
来源：
Circular Economy | 2022年 / 1卷 / 01期
基金：
中国博士后科学基金; 中国国家自然科学基金; 英国工程与自然科学研究理事会; 英国科研创新办公室;
关键词：
Aluminium life cycle; China; Entropy analysis; Material flow analysis; Resource efficiency;
D O I：
10.1016/j.cec.2022.100005
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Aluminium is one widely used metal that plays an important role in China's industrial and economic development. The life cycles of aluminium products involve high energy inputs, intensive material consumption and heavy environmental emissions. China has released its ambitious climate change targets, namely reaching carbon peak in 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality in 2060. It is therefore urgent to take appropriate actions to reduce the overall greenhouse gas emissions from aluminium production and increase resource efficiency along the entire aluminium life cycle. Under such circumstances, this study aims to explore China's aluminium recycling potential through dynamic material flow analysis for the period of 2000–2019, covering its whole life cycle and including relevant international trade activities. An entropy analysis method is also applied to identify optimal pathways to improve aluminum resource efficiency and circularity. Results indicate that China has experienced fast growth of aluminum production and consumption during the last two decades, with its output of primary aluminium increasing from 4.18 Mt in 2000 to 35.11 Mt in 2019 and its aluminium consumption increasing from 2.99 Mt in 2000 to 32.5 Mt in 2019. Such rapid growth has resulted in significant environmental impacts. For instance, environmental loss of aluminium at the production stage accounted for 46% of the total loss throughout its entire life cycle in 2000, while such a rate increased to 69% in 2019. As such, entropy analysis results reflect that at the stage of waste management, the relative entropy of aluminium is rising, which indicates that any pollutants discharged into the environment will cause significant damage. Scenarios analysis results further help to identify the optimal pathway of aluminium metabolism system. Finally, several policy recommendations are proposed to improve the overall aluminium resource efficiency. © 2022 The Author(s)
引用
收藏
相关论文
共 45 条
  • [1] Ali S.H., Giurco D., Arndt N., Nickless E., Brown G., Demetriades A., Durrheim R., Enriquez M.A., Kinnaird J., Littleboy A., Et al., Mineral supply for sustainable development requires resource governance, Nature, 543, pp. 367-372, (2017)
  • [2] Bertram M., Ramkumar S., Rechberger H., Rombach G., Bayliss C., Martchek K.J., Mullerb D., Liu G., A regionally-linked, dynamic material flow modelling tool for rolled, extruded and cast aluminium products, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 125, pp. 48-69, (2017)
  • [3] Bleischwitz R., Nechifor V., Winning M., Huang B.J., Geng Y., Extrapolation or saturation—revisiting growth patterns, development stages and decoupling, Global Environmental Change, 48, pp. 86-96, (2018)
  • [4] Bleischwitz R., Spataru C., VanDeveer S.D., Obersteiner M., van der Voet E., Johnson C., Andrews-Speed P., Boersma T., Hoff H., van Vuuren D.P., Resource nexus perspectives towards the United Nations sustainable development goals, Nature Sustainability, 1, pp. 737-743, (2018)
  • [5] Blomberg J., Soderholm P., The economics of secondary aluminium supply: An econometric analysis based on European data, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53, pp. 455-463, (2009)
  • [6] Chen W.Q., Graedel T.E., Dynamic analysis of aluminum stocks and flows in the United States: 1900-2009, Ecological Economics, 81, pp. 92-102, (2012)
  • [7] Chen W.J., Nie Z.R., Wang Z.H., Gong X.Z., Sun B.X., Gao F., Liu Y., Substance flow analysis of neodymium based on the generalized entropy in China, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 133, pp. 438-443, (2018)
  • [8] Chen W., Shi L., Qian Y., Substance flow analysis of aluminium in mainland China for 2001, 2004 and 2007: Exploring its initial sources, eventual sinks and the pathways linking them, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 54, pp. 557-570, (2010)
  • [9] Cullen J.M., Allwood J.M., Mapping the global flow of aluminum: From liquid aluminum to end-use goods, Environmental Science & Technology, 47, pp. 3057-3064, (2013)
  • [10] Eheliyagoda D., Li J.H., Geng Y., Zeng X.L., The role of China's aluminum recycling on sustainable resource and emission pathways, Resources Policy, 76, (2022)
12345