Certain investigations of underwater wireless sensors synchronization and funneling effect

The penultimate point of underwater wireless sensor communication is the one-hop neighbor sensor node nearer to the sink. This region of one-hop sensor node is subjected to many problems due to traffic intensity. Hence, interpreting the packet forwarding at its one-hop neighbor incorporating environment model is important. The channel conditions are altered with environment conditions causing an offset in sound speed. The difference in propagation speed of underwater environment causes a drift in synchronization of nodes affecting the communication. Proper synchronization is needed at its one-hop neighbor with spatial coordinates and temporal coordinates. The spatial coordinates here denote different depth and same depth of sensors. The temporal coordinates here denote the response time in forwarding packets. Underwater Time Synchronization protocol with Weibull Metrics (UTSWM) has been proposed. UTSWM protocol calculates the mean life time of failure for the entire network at its one-hop neighbor. Subsequently, mean time to repair for the entire network based upon the different time epochs of simulation are done. Then, the bottleneck effect at its one hop has been reduced within the time epoch using proper data transfer rate and propagation time. Simulation verification of UTSWM protocol has been done with aquasim under various scenarios. © 2019 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.