Emission characteristics and cytotoxic effects of PM2.5 from residential semi-coke briquette combustion

被引：0
作者：
Niu X. [1 ]
Tian J. [2 ]
Han Y. [2 ]
Chuang H.-C. [3 ]
Sun J. [4 ]
Shen Z. [4 ]
Cao J. [5 ]
Li X. [1 ]
Ho K.F. [6 ]
机构：
[1] School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an
[2] State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an
[3] School of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
[4] Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, Xi'an
[5] Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
[6] The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
来源：
Fuel | 2022年 / 321卷
基金：
中国国家自然科学基金; 中国博士后科学基金;
关键词：
Household coal combustion; Oxidative stress; PM[!sub]2.5[!/sub; Respiratory health effects;
D O I：
10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123998
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Coal combustion emits large amounts of PM2.5 (particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm), and the emissions from different coal types differ. Clean fuels are essential in reducing PM2.5 emissions and their respiratory effects on human. This study compared PM2.5 emissions and their chemical components from four types of coal (i.e., bituminous raw-coal chunk, semi-coke briquette, anthracite, and bituminous briquette). The bioreactivies triggered by PM2.5 exposure to human alveolar epithelial (A549) cells were compared, and the emission factors (EFs) of bioreactivies were calculated. The PM2.5 EFs of semi-coke briquettes were reduced efficiently compared with those of raw-coal chunk, and their chemical profiles also differed. The contribution of total carbon and metals (i.e., S, Cl, Zn, and Pb) was higher for semi-coke briquette relative to raw-coal chunk, which may be due to the concentration effect of the semi-coke briquette preparation process. The production of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) was higher for semi-coke briquette relative to raw-coal chunk at the PM2.5 exposure dose of 100 μg mL−1. The EFs of LDH and ROS for semi-coke briquette, anthracite, and bituminous briquette were substantially lower than those for raw-coal chunk, which verified the effects of clean coal on oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. Organic carbon and specific heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Fe, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Cr) were significantly correlated with cell membrane damage and oxidative stress. This study clarifies potential adverse effects of PM2.5 emissions from the combustion of various coal types and highlights the necessity of adopting clean coal to reduce PM2.5 emissions and cytotoxicity. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
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