Frequency control of power system with electric vehicles using hybrid african vultures optimization algorithm and pattern search tuned fuzzy PID controller

In this study, a hybrid African Vultures Optimisation Algorithm (AVOA) and Pattern search (hAVOA-PS) based Fuzzy PID (FPID) structure is proposed for frequency control of a nonlinear power system with Electric Vehicles (EVs). To demonstrate the superiority of the proposed hAVOA-PS algorithm, PI controllers are initially taken into consideration and the results are compared with AVOA, Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques. The PID and FPID controllers are taken into consideration to further improve the dynamic performance. It is evident that FPID controllers dominate PID and PI controllers. In the next step, EVs are included in the test system and a comparative analysis of hAVOA-PS based PI/PID/FPID and FPID+EV is presented. To demonstrate the superiority of the anticipated frequency control scheme for maintaining the system stability under various disturbance conditions, such as load increase in area-1 only, load decrease/increase in all areas, and large load increase in all areas are considered. The proposed hAVOA-PS based FPID controller in the presence of EV is seen to be able to maintain system stability for all cases considered, whereas other compared approaches fail to maintain stability in some cases. © 2023 P. M. Dash et al., licensed to EAI. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, which permits copying, redistributing, remixing, transformation, and building upon the material in any medium so long as the original work is properly cited.