Recent Advances on Deep Processing Technologies for Resourcing Utilization of Agricultural and Forestry Biomass Wastes

Biomass, mainly composed of lignin and cellulose, is abundant and renewable. Through physical and chemical methods, these agricultural and forestry waste biomasses can be processed to be high value-added products, such as carbon materials, bio-oil, organic chemicals and so on, and this is of great significance for green and sustainable development. Biomass carbon materials can be obtained by pyrolysis and hydrothermal carbonization methods, and the research on biochar is extensively focused on the design and preparation of functional carbon materials in recent years. Biomass syngas can be obtained by gasification, pyrolysis, hydrothermal gasification and other methods. Biomass syngas mainly contains H2, CO and other gases, and can be directly used as fuel or as raw materials for the synthesis of biomass oil and other chemicals. The yields and quality of biomass syngas are usually low, and different catalysts are developed to improve them. Biomass oils can be obtained by pyrolysis, hydrothermal liquefaction and biomass syngas as raw materials. Biomass oils mainly contain alkanes, olefins, aromatic compounds and so on. They can be used as the substitute for gasoline and diesel oil after refining. The compositions of bio-oils are complex and contain a variety of organic compounds, and the separation and purification of these components and enhancing yields of target oils are the research focus in recent years. In this review, the deep processing technologies of biomass are divided into the solid-phase, gas-phase and liquid-phase utilization ones according to the different forms of target products prepared by deep-processing biomass. From the perspective of the principle, process conditions and the latest progress of typical utilization technology of biomass, the fine-processing technologies of agricultural and forestry biomass are systematically summarized, and some representative research examples are introduced. In order to further understand the developing trend, prospect and potential of agricultural and forestry biomass, the intensive processing technologies provide new engineering ideas and technical support for exploring green and sustainable development. © 2021, Materials Review Magazine. All right reserved.