Bioengineered exosomal extracellular vesicles in cancer therapeutics

被引：4
作者：
Miles J. [1 ]
Andre M. [1 ]
Caobi A. [1 ]
Ruiz M. [2 ,3 ]
Nair M. [1 ]
Raymond A.D. [1 ]
机构：
[1] Department of Immunology and NanoMedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, 33199, FL
[2] Department of Human and Health Services, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, 33199, FL
[3] Miami Cancer Institute, Bone Marrow Transplant and CART T-Cell Therapy Department, Baptist Health South Florida, 8900 N Kendall Dr, Miami, 33176, FL
来源：
Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering | 2020年 / 48卷 / 03期
关键词：
Biomarkers; Cancer; Exosomes; Nanotherapeutics;
D O I：
10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2020034847
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Liquid or blood-based biopsy is a less invasive and more efficient method in which to clinicians can iden-tify diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic responsive biomarkers in cancer patients. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), RNAs, proteins, metabolites, and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are all potential biomarkers found in liquid biopsies. All nucleated cells including healthy, virally infected, and cancer cells release EVs. Since the early 1980s, evidence has mounted to support the pathophysiological role of EVs in cancer. Here we focus on the smallest of the EV, the exosome, and their clinical relevance as nanotherapeutics for cancers. Exosomes obtained from tumors have been reported to promote and/or facilitate malignancy of cancers especially in terms of metastatic potential. Exo-somal EVs have also contributed to the development of therapeutic resistance. Recent studies demonstrate that intrinsic and bioengineered exosomes can serve as effective therapeutic agents that disrupt cancer progression. Here we review the current literature regarding the utilization of bioengineered exosomes for therapeutics to treat prevalent cancers such as melanoma, glioma, breast, pancreatic, hepatic, cervical, prostate, and colon cancers. Overall, studies reviewed show that bioengineered exosomes are effective and promising for targeted cancer therapy. © 2020, Begell House Inc.. All rights reserved.
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页码：177 / 187
页数：10
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