Beyond here and now: Evaluating pollution estimation across space and time from street view images with deep learning

被引：9

作者：

Nathvani R. ^{[1
,2
]}

D. V. ^{[1
,2
]}

Clark S.N. ^{[1
,2
]}

Alli A.S. ^{[3
]}

Muller E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Coste H. ^{[1
,2
]}

Bennett J.E. ^{[1
,2
]}

Nimo J. ^{[4
]}

Moses J.B. ^{[4
]}

Baah S. ^{[4
]}

Hughes A. ^{[4
]}

Suel E. ^{[1
,2
,5
]}

Metzler A.B. ^{[1
,2
]}

Rashid T. ^{[1
,2
]}

Brauer M. ^{[6
]}

Baumgartner J. ^{[7
,8
]}

Owusu G. ^{[9
]}

Agyei-Mensah S. ^{[10
]}

Arku R.E. ^{[3
]}

Ezzati M. ^{[1
,2
,11
]}

机构：

[1] Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London

[2] MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London

[3] Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst

[4] Department of Physics, University of Ghana, Accra

[5] Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London

[6] School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver

[7] Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal

[8] Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal

[9] Institute of Statistical, Social & Economic Research, University of Ghana, Accra

[10] Department of Geography and Resource Development, University of Ghana, Accra

[11] Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Accra

来源：

Science of the Total Environment | 2023年 / 903卷

基金：

英国医学研究理事会; 英国惠康基金; 英国科研创新办公室;

关键词：

Air pollution; Computer vision; Deep learning; Environmental modelling; Noise pollution; Street-view images;

D O I：

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166168

中图分类号：

学科分类号：

摘要：

Advances in computer vision, driven by deep learning, allows for the inference of environmental pollution and its potential sources from images. The spatial and temporal generalisability of image-based pollution models is crucial in their real-world application, but is currently understudied, particularly in low-income countries where infrastructure for measuring the complex patterns of pollution is limited and modelling may therefore provide the most utility. We employed convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for two complementary classification models, in both an end-to-end approach and as an interpretable feature extractor (object detection), to estimate spatially and temporally resolved fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and noise levels in Accra, Ghana. Data used for training the models were from a unique dataset of over 1.6 million images collected over 15 months at 145 representative locations across the city, paired with air and noise measurements. Both end-to-end CNN and object-based approaches surpassed null model benchmarks for predicting PM2.5 and noise at single locations, but performance deteriorated when applied to other locations. Model accuracy diminished when tested on images from locations unseen during training, but improved by sampling a greater number of locations during model training, even if the total quantity of data was reduced. The end-to-end models used characteristics of images associated with atmospheric visibility for predicting PM2.5, and specific objects such as vehicles and people for noise. The results demonstrate the potential and challenges of image-based, spatiotemporal air pollution and noise estimation, and that robust, environmental modelling with images requires integration with traditional sensor networks. © 2023 The Authors

引用

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