The association between genetic factors and temporomandibular disorders: A systematic literature review

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between genetic factors and the occurrence and progression of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) using a comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Design: A comprehensive search was conducted using the ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Dimensions, and Emerald databases. A reviewer selected the study using modified PICO criteria, considering human subjects with TMDs, comparing different genetic factors among TMD and non-TMD patients, and reporting TMD signs and symptoms as outcomes. The methodological standards of the eligible papers were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist for Non-randomized Experimental Investigations. Information was collected methodically and examined. Results: The electronic database search yielded 851 articles, 19 of which were included in this study. The data analysis showed a significant influence of genetic factors, such as polymorphisms and gene differences, on the development of TMD signs and symptoms, such as myofascial pain, chronic pain, and disc displacement. In addition, gene polymorphism significantly influenced TMD development, with an odds ratio of 2.46 (1.93-3.14) and p of 0.00001. Conclusions: Genetic factors significantly influenced TMD signs and symptoms, and genetic polymorphisms significantly influenced TMD onset and progression. Further research should be conducted in diverse settings with larger sample sizes to verify and validate these findings.