Evaluating the Prevalence of Cardiac Surgery-associated Acute Kidney Injury After Septal Myectomy Combined With Concomitant Procedures in Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Objectives: Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) may be treated by septal myectomy. Cardiac surgery- associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common complication, but little is known about its incidence after septal myectomy. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the prevalence of CSA-AKI after septal myectomy and identify potential perioperative and phenotype-related factors contributing to CSA-AKI. Design: This was a retrospective database analysis with new data analysis. Setting: The study occurred in a single university academic expertise center for septal myectomy HOCM patients. Participants: Data from 238 HOCM patients with septal myectomy operated on between 2005 and 2022 were collected. Interventions: CSA-AKI was stratified according to the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines using measurement of creatinine and urine production. Important HOCM phenotype-related and perioperative factors were analyzed for their possible associations with CSA-AKI. Measurements and Main Results: CSA-AKI occurred in 45% of patients; of these, 55% were classified as KDIGO stage I and the remaining 45% as stage II, with no chronic kidney damage observed. Moreover, there were no phenotypical or perioperative characteristics that were more prevalent in the CSA-AKI cohort. However, the use of beta-blockers and coronary artery disease were more prevalent in the CSA-AKI cohort. Conclusions: CSA-AKI is a common complication after septal myectomy but was transient, and kidney function recovered in all patients.