Poly (ADP-ribose): A double-edged sword governing cancer cell survival and death

Poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR), a polymer of ADP-ribose, is synthesized by PAR polymerase and is crucial for the survival of cancer cells due to its vital functions in DNA repair and post-translational modifications. Beyond its supportive role, PAR also triggers cancer cell death by excessive accumulation of PAR leading to an energy crisis and parthanatos. This phenomenon underscores the potential of targeting PAR regulation as a novel anticancer strategy, and the rationale would present an engaging topic in the field of anticancer research. Therefore, this editorial provides an overview of the mechanisms determining cancer cell fate, emphasizing the central role of PAR. It further introduces promising methods for modulating PAR concentrations that may pave the way for innovative anticancer therapies.