A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical sensing probe for detection of Edoxaban anticoagulant drug residue in environmental water and drug formulations

Anticoagulant drugs currently play a crucial role in preventing severe deep vein thrombosis, heart attacks, heart valve diseases and contribute to the regulation of blood flow. Thus, the existing study reports the redox behaviour of Edoxaban (EDX) anticoagulant drug at bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for establishing sensitive, and selective adsorptive square wave - cathodic stripping voltammtric (Ads SW-CSV) probe for EDX detection. Under the optimal analytical parameters, the probe displayed good linear dynamic range (LDR) of EDX from 1.0 x 10-6 - 1.0 x 10-5 M. The probe displayed probe sensitivity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 18.5 mu A mu M-1 cm-2, 3.3 x 10-7 and 1.0 x 10-6 M, respectively. The probe offered quick response, good anti-interference ability towards multiple co-existing species, good recovery (99.21 +/- 5.02), reproducibility, and repeatability with relative standard deviation (RSD) of +/- 3.0% at 1.0 x 10-6 M of EDX (n = 3). Intraday and interday precisions of the probe were 99.8 +/- 1.74 and 99.54 +/- 2.08% at 1.0 x 10-6 M of EDX, respectively. The probe was fruitfully applied for EDX detection in its formulations and its residue in water samples with good recovery (99.76 +/- 3.768-101.43 +/- 0.09) and precision (RSD < 3%) at low and high EDX levels. The tabulated Student t test (ttab=2.78) was higher than the experimental texp = 1.3-1.7 at 95% probability (n = 5). The probe exhibited good sensitivity and selectivity towards EDX detection in drug formulation and environmental water samples. The probe has long-term stability and high level of anti-interference performance towards EDX detection.