Mitochondria in Lung Cancer Progression

Purpose of ReviewThis article offers a concise overview of the mitochondrial involvement in lung cancer progression and therapy, emphasizing the latest molecular insights into how mitochondrial morphology and function drive proliferation, therapy resistance, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis in lung cancer cells.Recent FindingsRecent work has uncovered the critical role of mitochondrial dynamics in lung cancer progression. Key mitochondria-shaping proteins regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission events have been reported to influence tumor growth, immune responses, and resistance to apoptosis. Depending on the specific cellular context, abnormalities in the expression/function of these proteins can either promote or inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, lung cancer progression involves the ectopic localization of mitochondrial proteins and oncoproteins that promotes malignancy. Emerging evidence also highlights the substantial heterogeneity in mitochondrial structure and function among different subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cutting-edge techniques such as PET imaging and 3D scanning electron microscopy are enhancing our ability to map mitochondrial heterogeneity and explore the potential for tailored treatments. Mitochondrial mechanisms contribute to therapy resistance through various pathways, including alterations in mitochondrial cristae structure and oxidative metabolism. Targeting these aspects, such as by inhibiting the cristae-shaping protein Optic atrophy 1 (OPA1) or using mitochondrial complex I inhibitors like mitomet, have shown promise in overcoming therapy resistance and improving therapeutic outcomes.SummaryMitochondria play pivotal roles in lung cancer progression and resistance to therapy. Mitochondria-shaping proteins define tumor properties, and hence, targeting mitochondrial pathways hold potential for developing novel therapeutic strategies to combat lung cancer.