Obesity and its related factors among university medical students in Syria: A cross-sectional study

Introduction: Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that has many contributing factors. There is very scarce data available on this issue for the population in Syria. We aim to evaluate the body mass index and related obesity rates of medical students as they are the role model for the general population. We aim to explore the breadth of potential associated factors including psychological, physical activity, dietary, and a broad array of lifestyle and socio-demographic factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted at a major university in Damascus. Paper-based questionnaires were distributed that included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results: The mean body mass index was 23.5 (+/- 4.2) kg/m(2) with 540 participants enrolled in this study. Males had significantly higher body mass index than females by 2.5 kg/m(2) (p < 0.001, chi(2) = 47.9, V = 0.3). In our sample, 304 (60.68%) had normal body mass index (18.5-24.99), 40 (7.98%) were considered underweight (body mass index <= 18.5), 120 (23.95%) were considered overweight (body mass index = 25-29.99) and 37 (7.39%) were considered obese. While many factors were found to be significantly associated with body mass index and obesity, only physical activity, depression, having a first-degree family history with obesity and poor dietary habits were associated in regression analyses evaluating all predictors concurrently. Conclusion: The findings reflect an ongoing epidemic of obesity. Our findings can guide targeted intervention for this young population who will become doctors and health role models in the future. More studies should be conducted to find the best possible ways to tackle this issue in the future.