Orbital angular momentum study of a Laguerre-Gauss vortex beam in finite-amplitude acoustic wave perturbed atmospheric turbulence

The paper establishes a transmission model for Laguer re-Gaussian vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence that is affected by finite-amplitude acoustic waves (i.e. non-linear acoustic waves). This study examines the variations in the orbital angular momentum (OAM) properties of the Laguer re-Gaussian vortex beam in atmospheric turbulence disrupted by finiteamplitude acoustic waves. It also explores the effects of source parameters, namely acoustic pressure amplitude and acoustic frequency, on the spiral spectrum and detection probability. The results indicate that the impact of finite-amplitude acoustic waves on the OAM properties of the Laguer re-Gaussian vortex beam varies depending on the distance of acoustic wave transmission. Moreover, the effects on the OAM characteristics of the Laguer re-Gaussian vortex beam become more pronounced with higher acoustic pressure amplitude and frequency. The acoustic pressure amplitude solely impacts the extent of variation in the atmospheric refractive index structure constant, while the acoustic frequency is associated not only with the extent of variation in the atmospheric refractive index structure constant but also with the distribution of the atmospheric refractive index structure constant. Hence, the OAM properties of the Laguer re-Gaussian vortex beam can be intentionally modified by employing various acoustic source models.